骨盆核磁共振成像扫描

定义

A pelvis 核磁共振成像 (magnetic resonance imaging) scan is an imaging test that uses a machine with powerful magnets and radio waves to create pictures of the area between the hip bones. 身体的这一部分被称为骨盆区.

Structures inside and near the pelvis include the 膀胱, 前列腺和其他男性生殖器官, 女性生殖器官, 淋巴结, 大肠, 小肠, 骨盆骨.

核磁共振成像不使用辐射. 单 核磁共振成像 图像被称为切片. 这些图像被存储在计算机上或打印在胶片上. 一次考试会产生数十张甚至数百张图像.

选择的名字

核磁共振成像 - pelvis; Pelvic 核磁共振成像 with 前列腺癌 probe; Magnetic resonance imaging - pelvis

如何执行测试

You may be asked to wear a hospital gown or clothing without metal fasteners. 某些类型的金属可能导致不准确的图像.

你将仰面躺在一张狭窄的桌子上. 桌子滑到核磁共振成像仪的中间.

Small devices, called coils, may be placed around your hip area. 这些设备帮助发送和接收无线电波. 它们还提高了图像的质量. If pictures of the 前列腺癌 and rectum are needed, a small coil may be placed into your rectum. This coil must stay in place for about 30 minutes while the images are taken.

一些检查需要一种特殊的染料，称为造影剂. The dye is most often given before the test through a vein (IV) in your hand or forearm. The dye helps the radiologist see certain areas more clearly.

During the 核磁共振成像, the person who operates the machine will watch you from another room. The test typically lasts 30 to 60 minutes, but may take longer.

如何准备考试

You may be asked not to eat or drink anything for 4 to 6 hours before the scan.

Tell your health care provider if you are afraid of close spaces (have claustrophobia). You may be given a medicine to help you relax and be less anxious. Or, your provider may suggest an open 核磁共振成像, in which the machine is not as close to the body.

在测试前，告诉你的十大赌博平台排行榜你是否有:

• 脑动脉瘤夹
• 人工心脏瓣膜
• 心脏除颤器或起搏器
• 内耳(耳蜗)植入物
• Kidney disease or dialysis (you may not be able to receive contrast)
• 最近放置的人工关节
• 血管 支架
• 疼痛泵
• Worked with sheet metal in the past (you may need tests to check for metal pieces in your eyes)

因为核磁共振成像含有强磁铁, metal objects are not allowed into the room with the 核磁共振成像 scanner:

• Pens, pocket knives, and eyeglasses may fly across the room.
• Items such as jewelry, watches, credit cards, and hearing aids can be damaged.
• Pins, hairpins, metal zippers, and similar metallic items can distort the images.
• Removable dental work should be taken out just before the scan.

考试的感觉如何

核磁共振检查不会引起疼痛. If you have difficulty lying still or are very nervous, you may be given a medicine to relax you. 过多的运动可能会模糊核磁共振成像图像并导致错误.

The table may be hard or cold, but you can request a blanket or pillow. The machine produces loud thumping and humming noises when turned on. 你可以戴上耳塞来减少噪音.

An intercom in the room allows you to speak to someone at any time. Some 核磁共振成像s have televisions and special headphones that you can use to help the time pass.

There is no recovery time, unless you were given a medicine to relax. After an 核磁共振成像 scan, you can resume your normal diet, activity, and medicines.

为什么要进行测试

This test may be done if a female has any of the following signs or symptoms:

• 阴道异常出血
• A mass in the pelvis (felt during a pelvic exam or seen on another imaging test)
• 肌瘤
• 怀孕期间出现的盆腔肿块
• 子宫内膜异位症(通常只在超声后进行)
• 下腹部疼痛
• Unexplained infertility (usually only done after ultrasound)
• Unexplained pelvic pain (usually only done after ultrasound)

This test may be done if a male has any of the following signs or symptoms:

• 睾丸或阴囊内的肿块或肿胀
• Undescended testicle (unable to be seen using ultrasound)
• 不明原因的盆腔或下腹部疼痛
• Unexplained urination problems, including trouble starting or stopping urinating
• PSA(前列腺特异性抗原)血检升高 
  

A pelvic 核磁共振成像 may be done in both males and females who have:

• 骨盆x光片异常
• 先天性髋部缺陷
• 髋部受伤或外伤
• 不明原因的髋部疼痛

A pelvic 核磁共振成像 is also often done to see if certain cancers have spread to other areas of the body. 这叫做分期. 分期有助于指导未来的治疗和随访. 它让你对未来会发生什么有所了解. 盆腔核磁共振成像可用于帮助宫颈分期, 子宫, 膀胱, 直肠, 前列腺癌, 还有睾丸癌.

正常的结果

正常的结果意味着你的骨盆区域看起来正常.

异常结果意味着什么

女性的异常结果可能是由于:

• 子宫腺肌症 子宫的
• 膀胱癌
• 子宫颈癌
• 结肠直肠癌
• 生殖器官的先天性缺陷
• 子宫内膜癌
• 子宫内膜异位
• 卵巢癌
• 卵巢肿瘤
• Problem with the structure of the reproductive organs, such as the fallopian tubes
• 子宫肌瘤

男性的异常结果可能是由于:

• 前列腺癌
• 睾丸癌

男性和女性的异常结果可能是由于:

• 髋关节缺血性坏死
• 髋关节先天缺陷
• 骨肿瘤
• 髋部骨折
• 骨关节炎
• 骨髓炎

如果你有问题和担忧，请咨询你的十大赌博平台排行榜.

风险

核磁共振成像不使用辐射来成像. To date, no side effects from the magnetic fields and radio waves have been reported.

The most common type of contrast (dye) used is gadolinium. 它很安全. 对这种物质的过敏反应很少发生. But gadolinium can be harmful to people with kidney problems who require dialysis. If you have kidney problems, tell your provider before the test.

The strong magnetic fields created during an 核磁共振成像 can interfere with pacemakers and other implants. People with most cardiac pacemakers cannot have an 核磁共振成像 and should not enter an 核磁共振成像 area. 一些新的心脏起搏器是安全的核磁共振成像. You will need to confirm with your provider if your pacemaker is safe in an 核磁共振成像.

注意事项

可以代替骨盆核磁共振检查的检查包括:

• 骨盆区CT扫描
• 阴道超声(女性)
• 骨盆x光片

在紧急情况下可以做CT扫描, since it is faster and most often available in the emergency room.

参考文献

郭国强，李志强，李志强. 女性骨盆成像. 见:Torigian DA, Ramchandani P，主编. 放射学秘密Plus. 第四版. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017:chap 38.

Major NM, Anderson MW, Helms CA, Kaplan PA, Dussault R. 髋部和骨盆. In: Major NM, Anderson MW, Helms CA, Kaplan PA, Dussault R, eds. 肌肉骨骼核磁共振. 3日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 14.

Padmanabhan P. Surgical, radiographic, and endoscopic anatomy of the female pelvis. In: Partin AW, Dmochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. Campbell-Walsh-Wein泌尿外科. 12日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 108.

罗斯CG，德什穆克S. 子宫、子宫颈和阴道的核磁共振成像. 见:罗斯CG，德什穆克S编. 身体核磁共振基础. 第二版. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017:chap 9.