胆红素血检

定义

The bilirubin blood test measures the level of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment found in bile, a fluid made by the liver.

Bilirubin can also be measured with a 尿检.

选择的名字

Total bilirubin - blood; Unconjugated bilirubin - blood; Indirect bilirubin - blood; Conjugated bilirubin - blood; Direct bilirubin - blood; Jaundice - bilirubin blood test; Hyperbilirubinemia - bilirubin blood test

如何执行测试

A 血液样本 是必要的.

如何准备考试

You should not eat or drink for at least 4 hours before the test. Your health care provider may instruct you to stop taking medicines that affect the test.

Many drugs may change the bilirubin level in your blood. Make sure your provider knows which medicines you are taking.

考试的感觉如何

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. 这很快就会消失.

为什么要进行测试

A small amount of older red blood cells are replaced by new blood cells every day. Bilirubin is left in the blood after these older blood cells are removed. The liver helps break down bilirubin so that it can be removed from the body in the stool.

A level of bilirubin in the blood of 2.0 mg/dL可以产生 黄疸. Jaundice is a yellow color in the skin, mucus membranes, or eyes.

Jaundice is the most common reason to check bilirubin level. The test will likely be ordered when:

• The provider is concerned about a newborn's 黄疸 (most newborns have some 黄疸)
• Jaundice develops in older infants, children, and adults

A bilirubin test is also ordered when the provider suspects a person has liver 或胆囊 problems.

正常的结果

It is normal to have some bilirubin in the blood. 正常水平为:

• Direct (also called conjugated) bilirubin: less than 0.3毫克/分升(小于5.µ1 mol / L)
• 总胆红素:0.1 to 1.2 mg/dL (1.71 to 20.5µmol / L)

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or may test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

异常结果意味着什么

In newborns, bilirubin level is higher for the first few days of life. Your child's provider must consider the following when deciding whether your baby's bilirubin level is too high:

• How fast the level has been rising
• 婴儿是否早产
• 婴儿的年龄

Jaundice can also occur when more red blood cells than normal are broken down. 这可能由以下原因引起:

• 一种血液紊乱叫做 胎儿成红细胞增多病
• 一种红细胞紊乱叫做 溶血性贫血
• 输血反应 in which red blood cells that were given in a transfusion are destroyed by the person's immune system

The following liver problems may also cause 黄疸 or a high bilirubin level:

• 肝脏瘢痕(肝硬化)
• 肝脏肿胀及发炎(肝炎)
• 其他肝脏疾病
• Disorder in which bilirubin is not processed normally by the liver (for example, 吉尔伯特疾病)

The following problems with gallbladder or bile ducts may cause higher bilirubin levels:

• Abnormal narrowing of the common bile duct (胆道狭窄)
• 胰脏癌 或胆囊
• 胆结石

风险

There is little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a 血液样本 from some people may be more difficult than from others.

风险 associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

• 大出血
• 昏厥或感到头晕
• Multiple punctures to locate veins
• Hematoma (blood collecting under the skin)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

参考文献

Daniels L, Khalili M, Goldstein E, Bluth MH, Bowne WB, Pincus MR. 肝功能评估. 见:McPherson RA, Pincus MR，编辑. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 22.

普拉特DS. Liver chemistry and function tests. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology/Diagnosis/Management. 11日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 73.